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Risen Academy Scholarship Test 🏆 - Cellular Function and Structure 🧬🔬
                    
Instructions
🚀 Boost your learning with this clear, step-by-step plan! Follow these pointers and tap into every resource to make your practice sessions as effective as possible.

🔍 1. Dive into Explanations
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👀 Review All: Even if you nailed the answer, read the rationale for incorrect choices—they often reveal common pitfalls.
🔄 Reinforce Concepts: Jot down any new insights or surprising facts to cement your understanding.

📚 2. Gather Your Tools
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📱 Timer or Clock: Keep track of pacing—aim for steady progress rather than speed alone.
🚫 Distraction-Free Zone: Silence notifications, tidy your workspace, and let everyone know you’re in study mode.
💧 Water & Snacks: Healthy fuel and hydration keep your brain running smoothly.

🚀 3. Tackle the Questions
Read Thoroughly: Absorb the question stem and every answer choice before deciding.
Eliminate Wrong Answers: Cross out obviously incorrect options to narrow your focus.
Pace Yourself: Don’t sprint—give each question the consideration it deserves.
Flag & Skip: If you’re stuck, mark the question and return later.

💡 4. Expert Tips
✅ Attempt Everything: Even guesses help you learn—use the explanations afterward to close knowledge gaps.
🌐 Link Concepts: Relate new material to what you already know; this builds a stronger mental map.
🎯 Set Milestones: Break the session into chunks (e.g., 10 questions per batch) and reward yourself briefly between sets.

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🔄 6. Review & Reflect
🧐 Analyze Mistakes: For every error or guess, write a note on why you went wrong.
📚 Revise Weak Spots: Loop back to related chapters or videos to shore up shaky concepts.
📊 Track Progress: Keep a simple log (e.g., date, score, topics missed) to monitor your growth over time.

⭐ 7. Bonus Boosters
🧘 Short Breaks: Follow the Pomodoro Technique—25 minutes of work, 5 minutes off—to stay fresh.
🤝 Peer Discussion: Explain tricky questions to a study partner or group; teaching is a powerful tool.

⚠️ Important Note
🛑 If you spot any mistakes in the questions, please let us know right away! Your feedback helps us keep everything accurate and up to date.

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Feel free to reach out for any queries or technical issues—we’re here to help! 😊
 

                    
                    
                    
                    
                    

                        
                

                    
                    

                        
                    
                
                    
                    
The number of attempts remaining is 2
                    
                
            

                    

                    

                        NameYour WhatsApp NumberProvinceProvincePunjabKhyber PakhtunkhwaSindhBalochistanFederal [SZABMU]City NameEmail
                        

                            
                            
                        
                    
                  

                        
                        
                        
1 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
1. Largest isolated single cell is:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Mycoplasma

                

            
            

                

                

                Ostrich egg

                

            
            

                

                

                Human red blood cell

                

            
            

                

                

                Nerve cells

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Ostrich egg is the largest single cell.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Ostrich egg is correct.

                            
                            

                                
The ostrich egg, before fertilization, is the largest single cell, visible to the naked eye.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
2 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
2. Eukaryoplasts, a type of leucoplast, is specialized for the storage of:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Oil and fats

                

            
            

                

                

                Starch

                

            
            

                

                

                Nucleic acids

                

            
            

                

                

                Proteins

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Eukaryoplasts store oils and fats.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Oil and fats is correct.

                            
                            

                                
Eukaryoplasts, a type of leucoplast, are specialized for storing oils and fats in plant cells.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
3 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
3. Which of the given cell organelles is not correctly matched with the given information?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Centriole – It gives cart-wheel appearance

                

            
            

                

                

                Mitochondria – Powerhouse of cell

                

            
            

                

                

                Ribosome – Also found in cytoplasm

                

            
            

                

                

                RER – Synthesis of steroidal hormones

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: RER does not synthesize steroidal hormones.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: RER – Synthesis of steroidal hormones is incorrect.

                            
                            

                                
RER synthesizes proteins, not steroidal hormones, which are produced by smooth ER.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
4 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
4. Select the correct matching in the following pairs:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Rough ER → Synthesis of glycogen

                

            
            

                

                

                Rough ER → Oxidation of fatty acids

                

            
            

                

                

                Smooth ER → Oxidation of phospholipids

                

            
            

                

                

                Smooth ER → Synthesis of lipids

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Rough ER synthesizes proteins, not glycogen or fatty acids; Smooth ER does not oxidize phospholipids.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Smooth ER synthesizes lipids.

                            
                            

                                
Smooth ER is responsible for lipid synthesis, including phospholipids and steroids, unlike Rough ER which synthesizes proteins.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
5 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
5. Three morphological forms of Golgi complex are:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Lamellae, tubules, and vesicles

                

            
            

                

                

                Cisternae, tubules, and vesicles

                

            
            

                

                

                Cisternae, tubules, and lamellae

                

            
            

                

                

                Granum, thylakoid, and vesicles

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Lamellae, granum, and thylakoid are not Golgi components.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Cisternae, tubules, and vesicles form the Golgi.

                            
                            

                                
The Golgi complex consists of cisternae (flattened sacs), tubules, and vesicles for protein modification and transport.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
6 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
6. The solid linear cytoskeletal elements having a diameter of 6 nm and made up of a single type of monomer are known as:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Lamins

                

            
            

                

                

                Microtubules

                

            
            

                

                

                Microfilaments

                

            
            

                

                

                Intermediate filaments

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Lamins, microtubules, and intermediate filaments have different structures.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Microfilaments are 6 nm and made of actin.

                            
                            

                                
Microfilaments, composed of actin monomers, are ~6 nm in diameter and support cell shape and movement.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
7 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
7. Besides producing secretory vesicles, the function of Golgi body is:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Lysosome formation

                

            
            

                

                

                Formation of spindle fibres

                

            
            

                

                

                Formation of E.R.

                

            
            

                

                

                All the above

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Golgi does not form spindle fibres or ER.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Golgi forms lysosomes.

                            
                            

                                
The Golgi apparatus packages proteins into lysosomes and modifies them for secretion.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
8 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
8. Which structures are responsible for lipid synthesis respectively in plants and animal cells?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Cell wall

                

            
            

                

                

                Smooth E.R. and Rough E.R.

                

            
            

                

                

                Spherosomes and Smooth E.R.

                

            
            

                

                

                Smooth E.R. and spherosomes

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Cell wall, Rough ER, and spherosomes are not primary for lipid synthesis in animals.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Smooth ER in animals, spherosomes in plants.

                            
                            

                                
Spherosomes store lipids in plants; Smooth ER synthesizes lipids in animals.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
9 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
9. What would happen if lysosomes get ruptured inside the cells in which they are present?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Cells will swell

                

            
            

                

                

                Cells will die

                

            
            

                

                

                Cells will shrink

                

            
            

                

                

                Nothing would happen

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Cells do not swell, shrink, or remain unaffected.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Lysosomal rupture causes cell death.

                            
                            

                                
Lysosomal enzymes digest cellular components upon rupture, leading to cell death.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
10 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
10. In which part of mitochondria the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase is present?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Outer membrane

                

            
            

                

                

                Inner membrane

                

            
            

                

                

                Matrix

                

            
            

                

                

                Perimitochondrial space

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Succinate dehydrogenase is not in outer membrane, matrix, or perimitochondrial space.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: It is in the inner membrane.

                            
                            

                                
Succinate dehydrogenase, part of the Krebs cycle and ETC, is located in the mitochondrial inner membrane.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
11 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
11. Carbohydrates are present in the plasma membrane in the form of:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Hemicellulose

                

            
            

                

                

                Cellulose

                

            
            

                

                

                Glycogen

                

            
            

                

                

                Glycoprotein

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Hemicellulose, cellulose, and glycogen are not in the plasma membrane.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Glycoproteins contain carbohydrates.

                            
                            

                                
Carbohydrates in the plasma membrane are bound to proteins as glycoproteins for cell recognition.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
12 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
12. According to the fluid mosaic model, which statement is incorrect?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Proteins can also undergo flip-flop movements in the lipid bilayer

                

            
            

                

                

                Many proteins remain completely embedded within the lipid bilayer

                

            
            

                

                

                Proteins in cell membranes can travel within the lipid bilayer

                

            
            

                

                

                Proteins can remain confined within certain domains of the membranes

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Proteins can be embedded, travel, or be confined in the bilayer.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Proteins do not flip-flop.

                            
                            

                                
Proteins are too large to flip-flop across the lipid bilayer, unlike lipids.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
13 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
13. In order to find out quickly whether the cells are living, one must observe:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Cell sap

                

            
            

                

                

                Tonoplast

                

            
            

                

                

                Movement of cytoplasm

                

            
            

                

                

                Starch granules

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Cell sap, tonoplast, and starch granules are not reliable indicators.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Cytoplasmic movement indicates life.

                            
                            

                                
Cytoplasmic streaming is a sign of active metabolism in living cells.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
14 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
14. Carrier ions like Na+ facilitate the absorption of substances like:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Glucose and fatty acids

                

            
            

                

                

                Fatty acids and glycerol

                

            
            

                

                

                Amino acids

                

            
            

                

                

                Amino acids and glucose

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Fatty acids and glycerol are not primarily transported by Na+.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Na+ aids amino acids and glucose uptake.

                            
                            

                                
Na+ drives secondary active transport for amino acids and glucose via symporters.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
15 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
15. Mitochondria supply most of the necessary biological energy through:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Breaking down sugars

                

            
            

                

                

                Fatty acids

                

            
            

                

                

                Oxidizing substrates of TCA cycle

                

            
            

                

                

                All of the above

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Individual processes are not comprehensive.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: All processes contribute to ATP production.

                            
                            

                                
Mitochondria generate ATP via glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and TCA cycle substrates.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
16 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
16. Match the columns and find out the correct combination:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Lysosomes → Protein synthesis

                

            
            

                

                

                Ribosomes → Hydrolytic activity

                

            
            

                

                

                Smooth endoplasmic reticulum → Glycolytic activity

                

            
            

                

                

                Chromosomes → Repository of genetic information

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Lysosomes, ribosomes, Smooth ER, and centrioles have different functions.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Chromosomes store genetic information.

                            
                            

                                
Chromosomes contain DNA, serving as the repository of genetic information.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
17 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
17. Red colour of tomato and chilly is due to:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Lycopene in chloroplast

                

            
            

                

                

                Xanthophylls in chloroplast

                

            
            

                

                

                Lycopene in chromoplast

                

            
            

                

                

                Anthocyanin in leucoplast

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Xanthophylls, anthocyanin, and leucoplasts are not responsible.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Lycopene in chromoplasts causes red color.

                            
                            

                                
Lycopene, a pigment in chromoplasts, gives tomatoes and chilies their red color.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
18 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
18. Three of the following statements regarding cell organelles are correct while one is wrong. Which one is wrong?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Lysosomes are double membrane vesicles budded off from Golgi apparatus and contain digestive enzymes

                

            
            

                

                

                Endoplasmic reticulum consists of a network of membranous tubules and helps in transport, synthesis, and secretion

                

            
            

                

                

                Leucoplasts are bound by two membranes; lack pigment but contain their own DNA and protein synthesizing machinery

                

            
            

                

                

                Sphaerosomes are single membrane-bound and are associated with synthesis and storage of lipids

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: ER, leucoplasts, and sphaerosomes statements are correct.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Lysosomes are single-membrane vesicles.

                            
                            

                                
Lysosomes have a single membrane, not double, and are formed from Golgi vesicles.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
19 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
19. Which property of the plasma membrane is described by the fluid mosaic model?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Fluidity

                

            
            

                

                

                Permeability

                

            
            

                

                

                Intercellular junctions

                

            
            

                

                

                Differential permeability

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Permeability, junctions, and transport are not the primary focus.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Fluidity defines the model.

                            
                            

                                
The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane’s fluidity, allowing lateral movement of lipids and proteins.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
20 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
20. Which can’t pass through the lipid bilayer, requiring carrier proteins for transport?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Polar molecules

                

            
            

                

                

                Non-polar molecules

                

            
            

                

                

                Both (b) and (e)

                

            
            

                

                

                Both (a) and (c)

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Non-polar molecules pass easily; other options are incorrect.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Polar molecules need carrier proteins.

                            
                            

                                
Polar molecules are hydrophilic and require transport proteins to cross the hydrophobic lipid bilayer.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
21 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
21. The fluid nature of the membrane is also important for:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Cell growth

                

            
            

                

                

                Facilitation of intercellular junctions

                

            
            

                

                

                Endocytosis

                

            
            

                

                

                Cell division

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Cell growth, junctions, and division are less dependent on fluidity.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Fluidity enables endocytosis.

                            
                            

                                
Membrane fluidity allows the membrane to deform during endocytosis, engulfing extracellular material.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
22 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
22. Identify the components labelled A, B, C, D, and E in the diagram (cell membrane):

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Sugar – Glycoprotein

                

            
            

                

                

                Lipid bilayer – Phospholipids

                

            
            

                

                

                Protein – Peripheral proteins

                

            
            

                

                

                Cell wall – Found in plants

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Cell wall is not part of the plasma membrane.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Components match glycoproteins, phospholipids, and proteins.

                            
                            

                                
A) Sugar – Glycoprotein, B) Lipid bilayer – Phospholipids, C) Protein – Peripheral, D) Integral protein, E) Cell wall (not plasma membrane).

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
23 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
23. Which diagram shows the sectional view of a chloroplast? Correct parts are:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Cytoplasm

                

            
            

                

                

                Stroma

                

            
            

                

                

                Granum

                

            
            

                

                

                Stromal lamella

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Cytoplasm, granum, and stromal lamella are not the matrix.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Stroma is the chloroplast matrix.

                            
                            

                                
Stroma is the fluid-filled matrix in chloroplasts, surrounding grana for photosynthesis reactions.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
24 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
24. An elaborate network of filamentous proteinaceous structures present in the cytoplasm which helps in the maintenance of cell shape is called:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Endoplasmic reticulum

                

            
            

                

                

                Plasma membrane

                

            
            

                

                

                Cytoskeleton

                

            
            

                

                

                Microtubules

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: ER, plasma membrane, and microtubules are not the full network.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Cytoskeleton maintains cell shape.

                            
                            

                                
The cytoskeleton (microfilaments, microtubules, intermediate filaments) supports cell shape and movement.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
25 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
25. Which cell organelle divides the intracellular space into two distinct compartments, i.e., luminal and extra luminal compartments?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Golgi body

                

            
            

                

                

                Endoplasmic reticulum

                

            
            

                

                

                Mitochondria

                

            
            

                

                

                Nucleus

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Golgi, mitochondria, and nucleus do not divide cytoplasm this way.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: ER creates luminal and cytoplasmic compartments.

                            
                            

                                
The endoplasmic reticulum’s lumen separates it from the cytoplasm, facilitating protein synthesis.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
26 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
26. Which of the following statements regarding mitochondria is incorrect?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Outer membrane is permeable to monomers of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

                

            
            

                

                

                Enzymes of electron transport are embedded in outer membrane

                

            
            

                

                

                Mitochondrial matrix contains single circular DNA molecule

                

            
            

                

                

                Mitochondrial matrix contains ribosomes

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Outer membrane permeability, matrix DNA, and ribosomes are correct.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: ETC enzymes are in the inner membrane.

                            
                            

                                
Electron transport chain enzymes are embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane, not outer.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
27 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
27. Which among the following is not a prokaryote?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Saccharomyces

                

            
            

                

                

                Mycobacterium

                

            
            

                

                

                Nostoc

                

            
            

                

                

                Oscillatoria

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Mycobacterium, Nostoc, and Oscillatoria are prokaryotes.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Saccharomyces is a eukaryote.

                            
                            

                                
Saccharomyces (yeast) is a eukaryotic fungus, unlike the bacterial prokaryotes.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
28 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
28. Which of the following is true for nucleolus?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Larger nucleoli are present in dividing cells

                

            
            

                

                

                It is a membrane-bound structure

                

            
            

                

                

                It takes part in spindle formation

                

            
            

                

                

                It is a site for active ribosomal RNA synthesis

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Nucleoli are not membrane-bound or involved in spindle formation.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Nucleolus synthesizes rRNA.

                            
                            

                                
The nucleolus is a non-membrane-bound site for ribosomal RNA synthesis and ribosome assembly.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
29 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
29. The Golgi complex participates in:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Fatty acid breakdown

                

            
            

                

                

                Formation of secretory vesicles

                

            
            

                

                

                Respiration in bacteria

                

            
            

                

                

                Activation of amino acid

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Fatty acid breakdown, bacterial respiration, and amino acid activation are not Golgi functions.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Golgi forms secretory vesicles.

                            
                            

                                
The Golgi modifies and packages proteins into secretory vesicles for export.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
30 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
30. Which of the following events does not occur in rough endoplasmic reticulum?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Protein folding

                

            
            

                

                

                Protein glycosylation

                

            
            

                

                

                Cleavage of signal peptide

                

            
            

                

                

                Phospholipid synthesis

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Protein folding, glycosylation, and signal peptide cleavage occur in RER.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Phospholipid synthesis occurs in Smooth ER.

                            
                            

                                
Phospholipid synthesis is a function of Smooth ER, not Rough ER.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
31 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
31. Many ribosomes may associate with a single mRNA to form multiple copies of a polypeptide simultaneously. Such strings of ribosomes are termed as:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Polysome

                

            
            

                

                

                Polyhedral bodies

                

            
            

                

                

                Plastidome

                

            
            

                

                

                Nucleosome

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Polyhedral bodies, plastidome, and nucleosome are incorrect.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Polysomes translate mRNA simultaneously.

                            
                            

                                
Polysomes (polyribosomes) are multiple ribosomes on one mRNA, producing multiple polypeptides.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
32 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
32. Which organelle is primarily responsible for detoxifying harmful substances in liver cells?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Lysosome

                

            
            

                

                

                Smooth ER

                

            
            

                

                

                Peroxisome

                

            
            

                

                

                Golgi apparatus

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Lysosomes, peroxisomes, and Golgi do not detoxify in liver.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Smooth ER detoxifies in liver cells.

                            
                            

                                
Smooth ER in liver cells modifies and detoxifies drugs and toxins.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
33 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
33. Which of the following cell organelles is responsible for extracting energy from carbohydrates to form ATP?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Lysosome

                

            
            

                

                

                Ribosome

                

            
            

                

                

                Mitochondrion

                

            
            

                

                

                Chloroplast

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Lysosomes, ribosomes, and chloroplasts have other roles.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Mitochondria produce ATP.

                            
                            

                                
Mitochondria generate ATP via oxidative phosphorylation from carbohydrates.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
34 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
34. Which of the following components provides sticky coating to the bacterial cell?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Cell wall

                

            
            

                

                

                Nuclear membrane

                

            
            

                

                

                Glycocalyx

                

            
            

                

                

                Membrane

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Cell wall, nuclear membrane, and membrane are not sticky.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Glycocalyx provides a sticky coating.

                            
                            

                                
The glycocalyx, a polysaccharide layer, aids bacterial adhesion to surfaces.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
35 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
35. What is the primary function of the bacterial cell wall?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Energy production

                

            
            

                

                

                Structural support

                

            
            

                

                

                Protein synthesis

                

            
            

                

                

                DNA replication

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Energy production, protein synthesis, and DNA replication are not cell wall functions.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: The cell wall provides structural support.

                            
                            

                                
The bacterial cell wall, made of peptidoglycan, maintains cell shape and resists osmotic pressure.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
36 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
36. Which structure in prokaryotes stores reserve materials like sulfur?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Ribosome

                

            
            

                

                

                Inclusion body

                

            
            

                

                

                Mesosome

                

            
            

                

                

                Nucleoid

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Ribosomes, mesosomes, and nucleoid do not store reserves.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Inclusion bodies store sulfur.

                            
                            

                                
Inclusion bodies store reserve materials like sulfur, glycogen, or phosphate in prokaryotes.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
37 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
37. The chromosomes in which centromere are situated close to one end are called:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Telocentric

                

            
            

                

                

                Sub-metacentric

                

            
            

                

                

                Metacentric

                

            
            

                

                

                Acrocentric

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Telocentric, sub-metacentric, and metacentric have different centromere positions.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Acrocentric chromosomes have centromeres near one end.

                            
                            

                                
Acrocentric chromosomes have a centromere near one end, creating a long and short arm.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
38 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
38. The structures that are formed by stacking of organized flattened membranous sacs in the chloroplasts are:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Stroma lamellae

                

            
            

                

                

                Stroma

                

            
            

                

                

                Grana

                

            
            

                

                

                Membrane of Golgi complex

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Stroma lamellae, stroma, and Golgi are not stacked sacs.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Grana are stacked thylakoids.

                            
                            

                                
Grana are stacks of thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts where photosynthesis occurs.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
39 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
39. Nuclear envelope is a derivative of:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Rough endoplasmic reticulum

                

            
            

                

                

                Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

                

            
            

                

                

                Membrane of Golgi complex

                

            
            

                

                

                Nucleus

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Smooth ER, Golgi, and nucleus are not its source.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Nuclear envelope derives from Rough ER.

                            
                            

                                
The nuclear envelope is continuous with the Rough ER, forming a double membrane around the nucleus.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
40 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
40. The correct sequence of involvement of cell organelles in secretion of proteins from the cell is:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Nucleus → Endoplasmic reticulum → Ribosomes → Golgi apparatus → Secretory vesicles → Plasma membrane

                

            
            

                

                

                Nucleus → Ribosomes → Endoplasmic reticulum → Lysosomes → Plasma membrane

                

            
            

                

                

                Nucleus → Endoplasmic reticulum → Ribosomes → Golgi apparatus → Lysosomes → Plasma membrane

                

            
            

                

                

                Nucleus → Ribosomes → Endoplasmic reticulum → Golgi apparatus → Secretory vesicles → Plasma membrane

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Lysosomes are not involved in secretion.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Nucleus to plasma membrane is the correct path.

                            
                            

                                
Proteins are transcribed in the nucleus, translated on ribosomes at RER, modified in Golgi, and secreted via vesicles.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
41 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
41. Which of the following pathways is involved for packaging of secretory proteins?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                RER → Trans face of Golgi body → Cis face of Golgi body → Secretory vesicles

                

            
            

                

                

                Trans face of Golgi body → Cis face of Golgi body → RER → Secretory vesicles

                

            
            

                

                

                RER → SER → Secretory vesicles

                

            
            

                

                

                RER → Cis face of Golgi body → Trans face of Golgi body → Secretory vesicles

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Incorrect pathways do not match protein secretion.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: RER to trans face of Golgi packages proteins.

                            
                            

                                
Proteins move from RER to cis Golgi, are modified, and packaged at trans Golgi into secretory vesicles.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
42 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
42. The type of ribosomes is same in:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum

                

            
            

                

                

                Cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, their mitochondria and chloroplasts

                

            
            

                

                

                Prokaryotes, mitochondria and chloroplasts

                

            
            

                

                

                Cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, their chloroplasts and microbodies

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Eukaryotic cytoplasm has 80S ribosomes, unlike mitochondria and chloroplasts.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Prokaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have 70S ribosomes.

                            
                            

                                
Prokaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts contain 70S ribosomes, distinct from 80S in eukaryotic cytoplasm.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
43 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
43. Select the mismatch:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Protists – Eukaryotes

                

            
            

                

                

                Methanogens – Prokaryotes

                

            
            

                

                

                Gas vacuoles – Green bacteria

                

            
            

                

                

                Large central vacuoles – Animal cells

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Protists, methanogens, and gas vacuoles are correctly matched.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Animal cells lack large central vacuoles.

                            
                            

                                
Large central vacuoles are characteristic of plant cells, not animal cells.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
44 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
44. A complex of ribosomes attached to a single strand of mRNA is known as:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Okazaki fragment

                

            
            

                

                

                Polymer

                

            
            

                

                

                Polyribosome

                

            
            

                

                

                Polypeptide

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Okazaki fragments, polymers, and polypeptides are not ribosome complexes.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Polyribosomes translate mRNA.

                            
                            

                                
Polyribosomes (polysomes) are multiple ribosomes on one mRNA, producing polypeptides simultaneously.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
45 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
45. A cell organelle containing hydrolytic enzymes is:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Ribosome

                

            
            

                

                

                Mesosome

                

            
            

                

                

                Lysosome

                

            
            

                

                

                Microsome

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Ribosomes, mesosomes, and microsomes do not contain hydrolytic enzymes.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes.

                            
                            

                                
Lysosomes are single-membrane organelles with enzymes that digest cellular waste.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
46 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
46. Select the wrong statement:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Cyanobacteria lack flagellated cells

                

            
            

                

                

                Mycoplasma is a wall-less microorganism

                

            
            

                

                

                Bacterial cell wall is made up of peptidoglycan

                

            
            

                

                

                Pili and fimbriae are mainly involved in motility of bacterial cells

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Cyanobacteria, mycoplasma, and peptidoglycan statements are correct.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Pili and fimbriae are for attachment, not motility.

                            
                            

                                
Pili and fimbriae aid in attachment and conjugation; flagella enable bacterial motility.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
47 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
47. What is the role of the nuclear lamina in eukaryotic cells?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Protein synthesis

                

            
            

                

                

                Nuclear membrane support

                

            
            

                

                

                Lipid synthesis

                

            
            

                

                

                ATP production

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Protein synthesis, lipid synthesis, and ATP production are not lamina functions.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Nuclear lamina supports the nuclear membrane.

                            
                            

                                
The nuclear lamina, made of intermediate filaments, maintains nuclear shape and supports the membrane.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
48 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
48. Which of the following structures is not found in prokaryotic cell?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Ribosome

                

            
            

                

                

                Mesosome

                

            
            

                

                

                Plasma membrane

                

            
            

                

                

                Nuclear envelope

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Ribosomes, mesosomes, and plasma membrane are in prokaryotes.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Nuclear envelope is absent in prokaryotes.

                            
                            

                                
Prokaryotes lack a nuclear envelope; their DNA is in a nucleoid region.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
49 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
49. The motile bacteria are able to move by:

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Pili

                

            
            

                

                

                Fimbriae

                

            
            

                

                

                Flagella

                

            
            

                

                

                Cilia

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                        
                    
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Pili, fimbriae, and cilia are not primary motility structures.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Flagella enable bacterial motility.

                            
                            

                                
Flagella are whip-like structures that rotate to propel bacteria.

                            
                            
                        
                    

                        
                        
                        
50 / 50
                        

                            
                            

                                
50. Which organelle modifies and sorts proteins for lysosomal targeting?

                            
                            
                            

            

                

                

                Rough ER

                

            
            

                

                

                Mitochondrion

                

            
            

                

                

                Golgi apparatus

                

            
            

                

                

                Nucleus

                

            
                            
                            
                            

                            
                            
                            
                            
                        
                            
                            

                                
Wrong: Rough ER, mitochondria, and nucleus do not target lysosomes.

                            
                            

                                
Correct: Golgi apparatus sorts lysosomal proteins.

                            
                            

                                
The Golgi tags proteins with mannose-6-phosphate for lysosomal delivery.

                            
                            
                        
                    

            

            
Your score is 

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Pos.
Name
Score
Duration
Points
                    
                    
1
Azad khan
74 %
19 minutes 10 seconds
148
2
Muneeba
69 %
14 minutes 38 seconds
138
3
Aman Ali
68 %
38 minutes 43 seconds
136
4
Shehryar Ali Khan
67 %
24 minutes 54 seconds
133
5
Khushbu Neelam kumar
66 %
33 minutes 34 seconds
131
6
Sher Muhammad
65 %
22 minutes 46 seconds
130
7
Lawangeen Khan
65 %
23 minutes 53 seconds
130
8
Samreen Imtiaz
65 %
45 minutes 47 seconds
130
9
Murtaza Ahmad
64 %
21 minutes 22 seconds
128
10
Toufique Rehman Koondhar
64 %
43 minutes 
128
11
Tayyaba
60 %
28 minutes 25 seconds
30
12
Misbah Mir
56 %
26 minutes 8 seconds
28
13
Fareeha
18 %
5 minutes 55 seconds
36
14
Mueen
7 %
2 minutes 28 seconds
13
15
Umeeed
6 %
1 minutes 31 seconds
11
16
Muhammad Amir Hamza
4 %
10 minutes 39 seconds
2
17
Asad ullah
3 %
1 minutes 46 seconds
5
18
Anyway I did
0 %
0 second
0
19
Guest
0 %
0 second
0
20
Guest
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0 second
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21
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22
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0
23
Guest
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0 second
0
24
Guest
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0 second
0
25
Guest
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0 second
0
26
Toufique Rehman Koondhar
0 %
0 second
0
27
Guest
0 %
0 second
0
28
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0 %
0 second
0
29
Guest
0 %
0 second
0
30
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0 second
0
31
Guest
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0 second
0
32
Guest
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0 second
0
33
Guest
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0 second
0
34
Guest
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0
35
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0 second
0
36
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0
37
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0 second
0
38
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39
Guest
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0 second
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40
H
0 %
47 seconds
0